Shingles: Symptoms, Diagnosis and treatment

Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a viral infection that causes a painful rash. It is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Though shingles may not be as well-known as other health conditions, its impact on those affected can be significant. 

How Shingles Are Originated 

The varicella-zoster virus lies dormant in the nerve tissues of people who have had chickenpox. After recovering from chickenpox, the virus remains inactive for years, but it can reactivate later in life, leading to shingles. The reasons for reactivation are not entirely understood, but it is believed that a weakened immune system, age, or stress may trigger the virus to awaken from its slumber.

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Symptoms Of Shingles

The onset of shingles can be marked by various symptoms. “The most prominent sign is a painful rash that typically appears in a band-like pattern on one side of the body or face,” said Dr Vineet Tripathi, Senior Dermatologist from BNK Hospital, Kanpur.

“Before the rash emerges, people may experience tingling, burning, or itching sensations in the affected area. Other symptoms can include fever, headache, sensitivity to light, and fatigue,” Dr Tripathi added. 

High-Risk Groups

Shingles can affect anyone who has previously had chickenpox, but certain groups are more susceptible to the virus's reactivation. 

Moreover, people with weakened immune systems due to illnesses like HIV/AIDS or undergoing treatments like chemotherapy are also more vulnerable to shingles. 

Complications and Impact

While most cases of shingles resolve without serious consequences, some people may experience complications. 

One of the most distressing complications is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a condition characterised by persistent nerve pain that can last for months or even years after the rash has healed.

PHN can significantly impact the quality of life and limit daily activities for those affected. Shingles may lead to eye complications if the rash affects the area around the eyes. 

This can result in vision problems and, in severe cases, may even cause blindness. Other rare but severe complications include bacterial skin infections and neurological issues like facial paralysis.

Preventive Measures and Vaccination

As the saying goes, prevention is better than cure. Fortunately, there are steps individuals can take to reduce their risk of developing shingles. Vaccination is a crucial aspect of prevention. 

The shingles vaccine, typically a two-dose series, is recommended for people aged 50 and older to decrease the risk of shingles and its complications. Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing stress, and keeping the immune system strong can contribute to shingles prevention.

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Vaccination remains a crucial tool in preventing shingles and its potential complications, ensuring that individuals can enjoy a healthier and pain-free future. If you suspect you or a loved one may have shingles, seeking medical attention promptly can make all the difference in managing this challenging yet manageable viral infection.